Histopathological findings after intracorneal ring segment implantation in keratoconic human corneas

Purpose

To evaluate histopathological changes induced in keratoconic corneas after implantation of Intacs intracorneal ring segments (Addition Technology, Inc.).

Setting

Departments of Ophthalmology and Pathology, Hospital Pellegrin, Bordeaux, France.

Methods

This retrospective study included 8 keratoconic, contact-lens-intolerant eyes of 8 patients who had penetrating keratoplasty (PKP) after removal of Intacs inserts because of a poor refractive outcome or insert extrusion. Light microscopy was performed on all specimens after conventional staining. Immunohistochemistry was performed to identify cell types located next to the tunnel using AE1/AE3 cytokeratins, CD34, vimentin, collagen IV, and α-smooth muscle actin monoclonal antibodies.

Results

Conventional histology showed hypoplasia of the epithelium immediately surrounding the channel. There was no evidence of an inflammatory response or foreign-body granuloma. Keratocyte density was decreased above and below the tunnel, and collagen IV synthesis was seen in the scar area. All samples stained negatively with α-smooth muscle actin, indicating that myofibroblasts were not present. These changes were no longer visible when PKP was performed more than 6 months after Intacs explantation.

Conclusions

Intacs induced keratocyte apoptosis, probably through a switch to a collagenous synthetic phenotype. Although histological changes seem to be entirely reversible after implant removal, longer follow-up is necessary to determine whether they accelerate corneal thinning and keratoconus progression via apoptosis and release of metalloprotease.