Journal of Cataract & Refractive Surgery
Volume 33, Issue 6 , Pages 1095-1100 , June 2007

Recommended practices for cleaning and sterilizing intraocular surgical instruments

References 

  1. MacRae SM, Brown B, Edelhauser HF. The corneal toxicity of presurgical skin antiseptics. Am J Ophthalmol. 1984;97:221–232
  2. Phinney RB, Mondino BJ, Hofbauer JD, et al. Corneal edema related to accidental Hibiclens exposure. Am J Ophthalmol. 1988;106:210–215
  3. Cox MJ, Woods JA, Newman S, Edlich RF. Toxic effects of surgical glove powders on the eye. J Long-Term Eff Med Implants. 1996;6:219–226
  4. Bene C, Kranias G. Possible intraocular lens contamination by surgical glove powder. Ophthalmic Surg. 1986;17:290–291
  5. Werner L, Sher JH, Taylor JR, et al. Toxic anterior segment syndrome and possible association with ointment in the anterior chamber following cataract surgery. J Cataract Refract Surg. 2006;32:227–235
  6. Guzey M, Satici A, Dogan Z, Karadede S. The effects of bupivacaine and lidocaine on the corneal endothelium when applied into the anterior chamber at the concentrations supplied commercially. Ophthalmologica. 2002;216:113–117
  7. Anderson NJ, Nath R, Anderson CJ, Edelhauser HF. Comparison of preservative-free bupivacaine vs lidocaine for intracameral anesthesia: a randomized clinical trial and in vitro analysis. Am J Ophthalmol. 1999;127:393–402
  8. Liu H, Routley I, Teichmann KD. Toxic endothelial cell destruction from intraocular benzalkonium chloride. J Cataract Refract Surg. 2001;27:1746–1750
  9. Eleftheriadis H, Cheong M, Sandeman S, et al. Corneal toxicity secondary to inadvertent use of benzalkonium chloride preserved viscoelastic material in cataract surgery. Br J Ophthalmol. 2002;86:299–305
  10. Hull DS, Chemotti MT, Edelhauser HF, et al. Effect of epinephrine on the corneal endothelium. Am J Ophthalmol. 1975;79:245–250
  11. Jumper JM, McCauley MB, Equi RA, et al. Corneal toxicity of intraocular hyaluronidase. J Ocul Pharmacol Ther. 2002;18:89–97
  12. Holley GP, Alam A, Kiri A, Edelhauser HF. Effect of indocyanine green intraocular stain on human and rabbit corneal endothelial structure and viability; an in vitro study. J Cataract Refract Surg. 2002;28:1027–1033
  13. Fukuchi T, Hayakawa Y, Hara H, Abe H. Corneal endothelial damage after trabeculectomy with mitomycin C in two patients with glaucoma with cornea guttata. Cornea. 2002;21:300–304
  14. Jehan FS, Mamalis N, Spencer TS, et al. Postoperative sterile endophthalmitis (TASS) associated with the MemoryLens. J Cataract Refract Surg. 2000;26:1773–1777
  15. Kim JH. Intraocular inflammation of denatured viscoelastic substance in cases of cataract extraction and lens implantation. J Cataract Refract Surg. 1987;13:537–542
  16. Breebaart AC, Nuyts RMMA, Pels E, et al. Toxic endothelial cell destruction of the cornea after routine extracapsular cataract surgery. Arch Ophthalmol. 1990;108:1121–1125
  17. Richburg FA, Reidy JJ, Apple DJ, Olson RJ. Sterile hypopyon secondary to ultrasonic cleaning solution. J Cataract Refract Surg. 1986;12:248–251
  18. Kreisler KR, Martin SS, Young CW, et al. Postoperative inflammation following cataract extraction caused by bacterial contamination of the cleaning bath detergent. J Cataract Refract Surg. 1992;18:106–110
  19. Duffy RE, Brown SE, Caldwell KL, et al. An epidemic of corneal destruction caused by plasma gas sterilization; the Toxic Endothelial Cell Destruction Syndrome Investigative Team. Arch Ophthalmol. 2000;118:1167–1176
  20. Hellinger WC, Hasan SA, Bacalis LP, et al. Outbreak of toxic anterior segment syndrome following cataract surgery associated with impurities in autoclave steam moisture. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol. 2006;27:294–298
  21. Toxic Anterior Segment Syndrome (TASS) Outbreak Final Report – September 22, 2006 [online]. Available at: http://www.ascrs.org/press_releases/Final-TASS-Report.cfm. Accessed February 15, 2007
  22. AORN . Recommended practices for sterilization in the perioperative practice setting. In: Association of Operating Room Nurses. Standards, Recommended Practices & Guidelines. Denver, CO: AORN; 2007;p. 673–687
  23. AORN . Recommended practices for cleaning and caring for surgical instrumentation and powered equipment. In: Association of Operating Room Nurses. Standards, Recommended Practices & Guidelines. Denver, CO: AORN; 2006;p. 555–563
  24. Association for the Advancement of Medical Instrumentation. Comprehensive Guide to Steam Sterilization and Sterility Assurance in Health Care Facilities. ANSI/AAMI ST79:2006
  25. Mamalis N, Edelhauser HF, Dawson DG, et al. Toxic anterior segment syndrome. J Cataract Refract Surg. 2006;32:324–333
  26. Parikh CH, Edelhauser HF. Ocular surgical pharmacology: corneal endothelial safety and toxicity. Curr Opin Ophthalmol. 2003;14:178–185
  27. Rutala WA. Disinfection and sterilization of patient-care items. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol. 1996;17:377–384
  28. AORN . Recommended practices for the evaluation and selection of products and medical devices used in perioperative practice setting. AORN J. 1998;67:270–272
  29. Parikh C, Sippy BD, Martin DF, Edelhauser HF. Effects of enzymatic sterilization detergents on the corneal endothelium. Arch Ophthalmol. 2002;120:165–172
  30. Burlew J. Care and Handling of Ophthalmic Microsurgical Instruments, 2nd ed. San Francisco, CA: American Society of Ophthalmic Registered Nurses; 2006;
  31. AORN . Explications for perioperative nursing. In: Association of Operating Room Nurses. Standards, Recommended Practices, & Guidelines. Denver, CO: AORN; 2006;p. 167–197
  32. Guidance for Industry and for FDA Staff. Enforcement Priorities for Single-Use Devices Reprocessed by Third Parties and Hospitals [online]. Available at: http://www.fda.gov/cdrh/comp/guidance/1168.pdf. Accessed February 15, 2007
  33. Miller CH, Riggen SD, Sheldrake MA, Neeb JM. Presence of microorganisms in used ultrasonic cleaning solutions. Am J Dent. 1993;6:27–31
  34. American Society for Gastrointestinal Endoscopy . Multi-society guideline for reprocessing flexible gastrointestinal endoscopes. Gastrointest Endosc. 2003;58:1–8
  35. Standards of Infection Control in Reprocessing of Flexible Gastrointestinal Endoscopes [online]. Available at: http://www.sgna.org/Resources/guidelines/guideline3.cfm. Accessed February 15, 2007
  36. Guideline for Environmental Infection Control in Health-Care Facilities, Recommendations of the CDC and the Hospital Infection Control Practice Advisory Committee, 2003 [online]. Available at: http://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/dhqp/gl_environinfection.html. Accessed February 15, 2007
  37. Dinakaran S, Kayarkar VV. Debris on processed ophthalmic instruments: a cause for concern. Eye. 2002;16:281–284
  38. Beran RF. Cleaning of ophthalmic diamond scalpels. J Refract Corneal Surg. 1994;10:582–586

 Prepared February 16, 2007, by the American Society of Cataract and Refractive Surgery Ad Hoc Task Force on Cleaning and Sterilization of Intraocular Instruments.Guidance provided by the Association of periOperative Registered Nurses, the Association for Professionals in Infection Control and Epidemiology, the Society for Healthcare Epidemiology of America, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, and the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.Editor's Note: These guidelines were distributed with the March issue of JCRS. We are reprinting them in this issue so they can be cited and made available to all ophthalmic personnel.

PII: S0886-3350(07)00493-2

doi: 10.1016/j.jcrs.2007.03.020

Journal of Cataract & Refractive Surgery
Volume 33, Issue 6 , Pages 1095-1100 , June 2007

Article Tools