Journal of Cataract & Refractive Surgery
Volume 34, Issue 9 , Pages 1451-1459 , September 2008

Evaluation of the safety of prophylactic intracameral moxifloxacin in cataract surgery

,Accepted 16 May 2008.

References 

  1. Barry P, Seal DV, Gettinby G, Lees F, Peterson M, Revie CW. ESCRS study of prophylaxis of postoperative endophthalmitis after cataract surgery; preliminary report of principal results from a European multicenter study; the ESCRS Endophthalmitis Study Group. J Cataract Refract Surg. 2006;32:407–410
  2. ESCRS Endophthalmitis Study Group . Prophylaxis of postoperative endophthalmitis following cataract surgery: results of the ESCRS multicenter study and identification of risk factors. J Cataract Refract Surg. 2007;33:978–988
  3. Montan PG, Wejde G, Koranyi G, Rylander M. Prophylactic intracameral cefuroxime; efficacy in preventing endophthalmitis after cataract surgery. J Cataract Refract Surg. 2002;28:977–981
  4. Montan PG, Wejde G, Setterquist H, Rylander M, Zetterström C. Prophylactic intracameral cefuroxime; evaluation of safety and kinetics in cataract surgery. J Cataract Refract Surg. 2002;28:982–987
  5. Stroman DW, Dajcs JJ, Cupp GA, Schlech BA. In vitro and in vivo potency of moxifloxacin and moxifloxacin ophthalmic solution 0.5%, a new topical fluoroquinolone. Surv Ophthalmol. 2005;50(suppl):S16–S31
  6. Kowalski RP, Dhaliwal DK, Karenchak LM, Romanowski EG, Mah FS, Ritterband DC, et al. Gatifloxacin and moxifloxacin: an in vitro susceptibility comparison to levofloxacin, ciprofloxacin, and ofloxacin using bacterial keratitis isolates. Am J Ophthalmol. 2003;136:500–505
  7. Kowalski RP, Yates KA, Romanowski EG, Karenchak LM, Mah FS, Gordon YJ. An ophthalmologist's guide to understanding antibiotic susceptibility and minimum inhibitory concentration data. Ophthalmology. 2005;112:1987–1991
  8. Mather R, Karenchak LM, Romanowski EG, Kowalski RP. Fourth generation fluoroquinolones: new weapons in the arsenal of ophthalmic antibiotics. Am J Ophthalmol. 2002;133:463–466
  9. Green K, Hull DS, Vaughn ED, Malizia AA, Bowman K. Rabbit endothelial response to ophthalmic preservatives. Arch Ophthalmol. 1977;95:2218–2221
  10. Liu H, Routley I, Teichmann KD. Toxic endothelial cell destruction from intraocular benzalkonium chloride. J Cataract Refract Surg. 2001;27:1746–1750
  11. Hogan MJ, Kimura SJ, Thygeson P. Signs and symptoms of uveitis. I. Anterior uveitis. Am J Ophthalmol. 1959;47(5, part 2):155–170
  12. Mistlberger A, Ruckhofer J, Raithel E, Müller M, Alzner E, Egger SF, et al. Anterior chamber contamination during cataract surgery with intraocular lens implantation. J Cataract Refract Surg. 1997;23:1064–1069
  13. Ariyasu RG, Nakamura T, Trousdale MD, Smith RE. Intraoperative bacterial contamination of the aqueous humor. Ophthalmic Surg. 1993;24:367–373commentary by J Baum, 373–374
  14. Dickey JB, Thompson KD, Jay WM. Anterior chamber aspirate cultures after uncomplicated cataract surgery. Am J Ophthalmol. 1991;112:278–282
  15. Rubio EF. Influence of age on conjunctival bacteria of patients undergoing cataract surgery. Eye. 2006;20:447–454
  16. Foster A. Cataract and “Vision 2020—the Right to Sight” initiative. [editorial] Br J Ophthalmol. 2001;85:635–637
  17. Gardner SK. Ocular drug penetration and pharmacokinetic principles. In:  Lamberts DW,  Potter DE editor. Clinical Ophthalmic Pharmacology. Boston, MA: Little, Brown and Company; 1987;p. 1–52
  18. Odenholt I, Cars O. Pharmacodynamics of moxifloxacin and levofloxacin against Streptococcus pneumoniae, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Escherichia coli: simulation of human plasma concentrations after intravenous dosage in an in vitro kinetic model. J Antimicrob Chemother. 2006;58:960–965Available at: http://jac.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/reprint/58/5/960Accessed June 8, 2008
  19. LaPlante KL, Rybak MJ, Tsuji B, Lodise TP, Kaatz GW. Fluoroquinolone resistance in Streptococcus pneumoniae: area under the concentration-time curve/MIC ratio and resistance development with gatifloxacin, gemifloxacin, levofloxacin, and moxifloxacin. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2007;51:1315–1320Available at: http://aac.asm.org/cgi/reprint/51/4/1315Accessed June 8, 2008
  20. Hedlin P, Blondeau JM. Comparative minimal inhibitory and mutant prevention drug concentrations of four fluoroquinolones against ocular isolates of Haemophilus influenzae. Eye Contact Lens. 2007;33:161–164
  21. Smith HJ, Walters M, Hisanaga T, Zhanel GG, Hoban DJ. Mutant prevention concentrations for single-step fluoroquinolone-resistant mutants of wild-type, efflux-positive, or ParC or GyrA mutation-containing Streptococcus pneumoniae isolates. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2004;48:3954–3958Available at: http://aac.asm.org/cgi/reprint/48/10/3954Accessed June 8, 2008
  22. Metzler K, Hansen GM, Hedlin P, Harding E, Drlica K, Blondeau JM. Comparison of minimal inhibitory and mutant prevention drug concentrations of 4 fluoroquinolones against clinical isolates of methicillin-susceptible and -resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Int J Antimicrob Agents. 2004;24:161–167
  23. Blondeau JM, Zhao X, Hansen G, Drlica K. Mutant prevention concentrations of fluoroquinolones for clinical isolates of Streptococccus pneumoniae. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2001;45:433–438Available at: http://aac.asm.org/cgi/reprint/45/2/433Accessed June 8, 2008
  24. McCulley JP, Caudle D, Aronowicz JD, Shine WE. Fourth-generation fluoroquinolone penetration into the aqueous humor in humans. Ophthalmology. 2006;113:955–959
  25. Solomon R, Donnenfeld ED, Perry HD, Snyder RW, Nedrud C, Stein J, et al. Penetration of topically applied gatifloxacin 0.3%, moxifloxacin 0.5% and ciprofloxacin 0.3% into the aqueous humor. Ophthalmology. 2005;112:466–469
  26. Ong-Tone L. Aqueous humor penetration of gatifloxacin and moxifloxacin in eyedrops given by different methods before cataract surgery. J Cataract Refract Surg. 2007;33:59–62
  27. Katz HR, Masket S, Lane SS, Sall K, Orr SC, Faulkner RD, et al. Absorption of topical moxifloxacin ophthalmic solution into human aqueous humor. Cornea. 2005;24:955–958
  28. Kim DH, Stark WJ, O'Brien TP, Dick JD. Aqueous penetration and biological activity of moxifloxacin 0.5% ophthalmic solution and gatifloxacin 0.3% solution in cataract surgery patients. Ophthalmology. 2005;112:1992–1996
  29. Hariprasad SM, Blinder KJ, Shah GK, Apte RS, Rosenblatt B, Holekamp NM, et al. Penetration pharmacokinetics of topically administered 0.5% moxifloxacin ophthalmic solution in human aqueous and vitreous. Arch Ophthalmol. 2005;123:39–44
  30. Lai WW, Chu KO, Chan KP, Choy KW, Wang CC, Tsang CW, et al. Differential aqueous and vitreous concentrations of moxifloxacin and ofloxacin after topical administration one hour before vitrectomy. Am J Ophthalmol. 2007;144:315–318
  31. Gasset AR, Ishii Y, Kaufman HE, Miller T. Cytotoxicity of ophthalmic preservatives. Am J Ophthalmol. 1974;78:98–105
  32. Tripathi BJ, Tripathi RC. Cytotoxic effects of benzalkonium chloride and chorobutanol on human corneal epithelial cells in vitro. Lens Eye Toxic Res. 1989;6:395–403
  33. McGee DH, Holt WF, Kastner PR, Rice RL. Safety of moxifloxacin as shown in animal and in vitro studies. Surv Ophthalmol. 2005;50(suppl 1):S46–S54
  34. Ritterband DC, Shah MK, Meskin SW, Shapiro DE, Seedor JA, Koplin RS, et al. Efficacy and safety of moxifloxacin as an additive in Optisol-GS a preservation medium for corneal donor tissue. Cornea. 2006;25:1084–1089
  35. Gao H, Pennesi ME, Qiao X, Iyer MN, Wu SM, Holz ER, et al. Intravitreal moxifloxacin: retinal safety study with electroretinography and histopathology in animal models. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2006;47:1606–1611Available at: http://www.iovs.org/cgi/reprint/47/4/1606Accessed June 8, 2008
  36. Bennett MD, Yee W, Shepard BJ. Pegaptanib combined with intravitreal injection of moxifloxacin as treatment of wet macular degeneration. Retina. 2008;28:976–980
  37. Dalhoff A. Immunomodulatory activities of fluoroquinolones. Infection. 2005;33(suppl 2):55–70
  38. Michot J-M, Seral C, Van Bambeke F, Mingeot-Leclercq M-P, Tulkens PM. Influence of efflux transporters on the accumulation and efflux of four quinolones (ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin, garenoxacin, and moxifloxacin) in J774 macrophages. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2005;49:2429–2437Available at: http://aac.asm.org/cgi/reprint/49/6/2429Accessed June 8, 2008
  39. Mandell GL, Coleman E. Uptake, transport, and delivery of antimicrobial agents by human polymorphonuclear neutrophils. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2001;45:1794–1798Available at: http://aac.asm.org/cgi/reprint/45/6/1794Accessed June 8, 2008
  40. Pascual A, García I, Ballesta S, Perea EJ. Uptake and intracellular activity of moxifloxacin in human neutrophils and tissue-cultured epithelial cells. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 1999;43:12–15Available at: http://aac.asm.org/cgi/reprint/43/1/12Accessed June 8, 2008
  41. Kowalski RP, Romanowski EG, Mah FS, Yates KA, Gordon YJ. Intracameral Vigamox (moxifloxacin 0.5%) is non-toxic and effective in preventing endophthalmitis in a rabbit model. Am J Ophthalmol. 2005;140:497–504
  42. Espiritu CRG, Caparas VL, Bolinao JG. Safety of prophylactic intracameral moxifloxacin 0.5% ophthalmic solution in cataract surgery patients. J Cataract Refract Surg. 2007;33:63–68
  43. O'Brien TP, Arshinoff SA, Mah FS. Perspectives on antibiotics for postoperative endophthalmitis prophylaxis: potential role of moxifloxacin. J Cataract Refract Surg. 2007;33:1790–1800
  44. Arbisser LB. Safety of intracameral moxifloxacin for prophylaxis of endophthalmitis after cataract surgery. J Cataract Refract Surg. 2008;34:1114–1120

 Drs. Lane, Osher, and Masket are consultants to Alcon Laboratories, Inc. Dr. Belani received a grant to support this research. Susanne Gardner was the medical writter, and Jenny Song provided the statistical analysis.

 Funded by a grant from Alcon Laboratories, Inc.

PII: S0886-3350(08)00630-5

doi: 10.1016/j.jcrs.2008.05.034

Journal of Cataract & Refractive Surgery
Volume 34, Issue 9 , Pages 1451-1459 , September 2008